Brief
The Sukhoi Su-25 Gratch (Russian: Су-25 Грач , " rook "; NATO code Frogfoot ) is a ground attack , close air support and anti-tank warfare aircraft developed by the USSR in the 1970s It was built in more than a thousand copies and exported to many countries. It is the 6th most used combat aircraft in the world in 2020 with an estimated 487 aircraft in operation or 3% of the world 's combat aircraft fleet 2 , and saw two major upgrades in 2006 and 2016 .
It can be considered the descendant of the Ilyushin Il-2 Shtourmovik . The main manufacturing countries of the Su-25 are Russia (Sukhoi), and for a time Georgia ( Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing (en) ) 3 .
Operation video
informations
Soukhoï Su-25 Gratch  | ||
A Ukrainian Su-25. | ||
| Builder | .svg?uselang=fr){kind=small}  Soukhoï TAME  | |
|---|---|---|
| Role | Ground attack aircraft | |
| Status | in service | |
| Premier vol | ||
| Commissioning | ||
| Number built | over 1,024 | |
| Crew | ||
| 1 | ||
| Motorization | ||
| Engine | Toumansky R-95 Sh then R-195 | |
| Name | 2 | |
| Type | Turbo-actor | |
| Unit thrust | 44,13 kN | |
| Dimensions | ||
| wingspan | 15,05 m | |
| Length | 14,50 m | |
| Height | 4,95 m | |
| Surface alaire | 37,60 m 2 | |
| Masses | ||
| Empty | 9 200 kg | |
| Fuel | 2 930 kg | |
| With cocking | 14 400 kg | |
| Maximum | 19 300 kg | |
| Performances | ||
| Maximum speed | 950 km/h ( Mach 0.79 , at sea level, smooth) | |
| stall speed | 160 km/h | |
| Ceiling | 7 000 1 m | |
| Rayon d'action | 550 km | |
| Armament | ||
| Internal | 1 x 30 mm GSh-30-2 gun with 250 shells | |
| outer | 4,000 kg load (anti-tank missiles, rockets, bombs, etc.) | |
Operators
Current operators:
Russia
Angola
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
Democratic Republic
North Korea
Gambia
Georgia
Equatorial Guinea
Irak
Iran
Kazakhstan
Peru
Sudanese Su-25
Chad
Ukrainian
Additional information
Variants
Su-25 "Frogfoot A": initial version (about 580 copies)
Su-25BM: version intended for towing targets (50 copies)
Su-25K: export version of the Su-25 (about 180 copies)
Su-25KM: modernized version of the Su-25K
Su-25T: improved version for the anti-tank fight (10 copies)
Su-25TM / Su-39: modernized version of the Su-25T, capable of being used on aircraft carriers, and of firing certain air-sea missiles.
Su-25SM2: modernized version of the Su-25, entered into service in 2006.
Su-25SM3: modernized version of the Su-25SM2, entering service at the end of 2016.
Su-25UB: “Frogfoot B”: two-seater training version (150 copies?)
Su-25UBM: two-seater training version modernized and brought to the same standard as the Su-25SM 9
Su-25UBK: export version of the Su-25UB (20 copies?)
Su-25UTG: navalized training version (10 copies?)
Su-28: training version with reduced avionics and no weapon system, first flight in 1987.
Ge-31: Georgian program , developed by Tbilaviamcheni ( Tbilisi Aircraft Manufacturing ) aimed at producing a renewed version of the Su-25. Production is expected to start in March 2021 10
First generation (Su-25)
In 1968, the USSR launched a program intended to equip its air force with a close support aircraft (Close Air Support) capable of intervening directly on the battle front, which presupposed great maneuverability and good ability to take shots. Subsonic speed was considered sufficient. The Sukhoi constructor was working on a project designated internally as T-8, which underwent a few modifications (more powerful reactors, increased load carried, etc.) before being declared the winner of the competition.
The first prototype made its maiden flight onFebruary 22, 1975, powered by two Tumanski R-95Sh reactors of 4,500 kg /p each. It was a version without afterburner of the MiG-21 engine , which had imposed itself as a replacement for the Mikulin RD-9 initially planned thanks to its superior power and its recognized reliability. A second prototype took off at the enddecember 1975with some changes, such as a 30 mm gun instead of the 23 mm gun , airbrakes, and modified ailerons. The avionics were largely borrowed from the Su-17/Su-20 , while the laser system placed in the nose was close to that of the MiG-27 .
The first production aircraft left the factory in 1979. In 1980, two copies were sent to Afghanistan to assess their capabilities. They carried out about a hundred test flights, including 40 to 50 real attack missions. Deliveries to operational units began in 1981. During production, the R-95Sh reactor was replaced by an R-195 of equivalent power but capable of withstanding more damage. The experience of the missions in Afghanistan led to the installation of a firewall between the two reactors, a fire extinguisher system and decoy launchers.
A two-seat Su-25UB version intended for training, but retaining combat capabilities, was ordered in the late 1970s. The prototype made its first flight onAugust 10, 1985and mass production began the following year. Sukhoi derived from it a Su-25UTG version intended for the training of pilots of the Russian naval aviation , devoid of any armament but equipped with a landing gear and with a reinforced structure.
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