Overview
Syllabus
Lecture 1: Basic of randomness
History of randomness
The fair coin as ideal case
Definitions of randomness
Lecture 2: Randomness as a resource
Review of various tasks in which randomness is used
Randomized algorithms and de-randomization
Cryptography: randomness for secrecy
Zero-knowledge proofs
Lecture 3: Characterizing a source of randomness
The biased coin and other weaker sources of randomness
Amount of randomness: min-entropy
Extraction of randomness
Lecture 4: Noise as a random number generator
Definition of "noise"
Thermal noise: example of a resistor
How to extract random numbers from thermal fluctuations
Lecture 5: Deterministic chaos
Physical (in)determinism
Definition and examples of chaos
Lecture 6: Quantum physics, a first encounter
Overview of quantum physics
Single-particle interferences (Mach-Zehnder, double slit)
Uncertainty
Lecture 7: Intrinsic randomness and its practical uses
Bell's theorem and its implication
Elements of quantum information science
Lecture 8: Introduction to free will in science
Measurement independence
Quanta in the brain?
Libet's experiments
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